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                <front>
                    <journal-meta>
                        <journal-id journal-id-type="nlm-ta">Int. J. Clin. Med. Res.</journal-id>
                        <journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">LQP-IJCMR</journal-id>
                        <journal-title-group>
                            <journal-title>International Journal of Clinical and Medical Research</journal-title>
                        </journal-title-group>
                        <issn pub-type="ppub">3134-8831</issn>
                        <publisher>
                            <publisher-name>International Journal of Clinical and Medical Research</publisher-name>
                        </publisher>
                    </journal-meta>
                    <article-meta>
                        <article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.66590/ijcmr2024010104</article-id>
                        <article-id pub-id-type="other">ijcmr2024010104</article-id>
                        <article-id pub-id-type="manuscript">41-LQP-IJCMR</article-id>
                        <article-categories>
                            <subj-group subj-group-type="heading">
                            <subject>Research Paper</subject>
                            </subj-group>
                        </article-categories>
                        <title-group>
                            <article-title>Antibacterial Activity of Aqueous Extracts of Common Mistletoe against Clinical Bacterial Isolates</article-title>
                        </title-group>
                        <contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes">
                                <name>
                                    <surname>test</surname>
                                    <given-names>test </given-names>
                                </name>
                                <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">1</xref><xref ref-type="corresp" rid="cor1">*</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes">
                                <name>
                                    <surname>Abood</surname>
                                    <given-names>Saad Hameed</given-names>
                                </name>
                                <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2">2</xref><xref ref-type="corresp" rid="cor2">*</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" >
                                <name>
                                    <surname>Shihab</surname>
                                    <given-names>Liwaa Abed</given-names>
                                </name>
                                <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3">3</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" >
                                <name>
                                    <surname>Abood</surname>
                                    <given-names>Ahmed Sattar</given-names>
                                </name>
                                <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff4">4</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" >
                                <name>
                                    <surname>AL-Azzawi</surname>
                                    <given-names>Thanoon Yahya</given-names>
                                </name>
                                <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff5">5</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" >
                                <name>
                                    <surname>Abed</surname>
                                    <given-names>Ghufran Hammoodi</given-names>
                                </name>
                                <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff6">6</xref></contrib></contrib-group><aff id="aff1">
                                    <label>1</label>
                                    <institution></institution>
                                    <addr-line></addr-line>
                                </aff><aff id="aff2">
                                    <label>2</label>
                                    <institution></institution>
                                    <addr-line></addr-line>
                                </aff><aff id="aff3">
                                    <label>3</label>
                                    <institution></institution>
                                    <addr-line></addr-line>
                                </aff><aff id="aff4">
                                    <label>4</label>
                                    <institution></institution>
                                    <addr-line></addr-line>
                                </aff><aff id="aff5">
                                    <label>5</label>
                                    <institution></institution>
                                    <addr-line></addr-line>
                                </aff><aff id="aff6">
                                    <label>6</label>
                                    <institution></institution>
                                    <addr-line></addr-line>
                                </aff>
                        <author-notes>
                            <corresp id="cor1">
                              <label>*</label>Corresponding author: Saad Hameed (e-mail: <email>saad.h.abood@aliraqia.edu.iq</email>)
                            </corresp>
                        </author-notes>
                        <pub-date pub-type="epub">
                            <day>30</day>
                            <month>06</month>
                            <year>2024</year>
                        </pub-date>
                        <pub-date pub-type="received">
                            <day>04</day>
                            <month>02</month>
                            <year>2024</year>
                        </pub-date>
                        <pub-date pub-type="accepted">
                            <day>12</day>
                            <month>04</month>
                            <year>2024</year>
                        </pub-date>
                        <volume>1</volume>
                        <issue>1</issue>
                        <fpage>46</fpage>
                        <lpage>49</lpage>
                        <permissions>
                            <copyright-statement>©2026 the Author(s)</copyright-statement>
                            <copyright-year>2026</copyright-year>
                            <copyright-holder>The Author(s)</copyright-holder>
                            <license license-type="open-access">
                            <ali:license_ref>https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/</ali:license_ref>
                            <license-p>This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License</license-p>
                            </license>
                        </permissions>
                        <abstract><p>This study was conducted at the Iraqi University, College of Education, between March 1, 2021, and June 1, 2021. Three clinical bacterial isolates, namely Staphylococcus aureus, Klebsiella pneumoniae, and Acinetobacter baumannii, were obtained from wound and burn swabs collected at Baghdad Medical City Hospital. The bacterial isolates were cultured on MacConkey agar to ensure purity and incubated at 37&amp;deg;C for 24 hours. The antibacterial activity of both hot and cold aqueous extracts of common mistletoe was evaluated against the selected bacterial isolates using the agar well diffusion method. Five different concentrations of the extracts were tested: 1 g, 0.8 mg, 0.6 mg, 0.4 mg, and 0.2 mg. The results demonstrated that the hot aqueous extract exhibited significant inhibitory activity against Klebsiella pneumoniae and Acinetobacter baumannii. The 1 g concentration showed the highest antibacterial activity, while the 0.8 mg concentration demonstrated moderate inhibitory effects against both organisms. The 0.6 mg concentration showed moderate activity only against Acinetobacter baumannii and no activity against Klebsiella pneumoniae or Staphylococcus aureus. Lower concentrations (0.2 mg and 0.4 mg) did not exhibit any inhibitory effect on bacterial growth. In contrast, the cold aqueous extract showed no antibacterial activity against any of the tested isolates.</p></abstract>
                        <kwd-group><kwd>Common Mistletoe</kwd><kwd>Wound and Burn Infections</kwd><kwd>Pathogenic Bacteria</kwd></kwd-group>
                    </article-meta>
                </front>
            </article>