Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), was first reported in Wuhan, Hubei Province, China, and rapidly progressed into a global public health emergency due to its high transmissibility and associated mortality. Clinical manifestations of COVID-19 vary across individuals and populations, emphasizing the importance of evaluating demographic and laboratory predictors linked to disease severity. This study aimed to assess clinical risk factors and selected hematological and biochemical parameters among COVID-19 patients in Al-Anbar Governorate, Iraq. Several laboratory parameters demonstrated strong associations with severity, including neutrophil count, lymphocyte count, C-reactive protein (CRP), D-dimer, and ferritin, all showing a highly significant correlation (p < 0.001) between severe and non-severe groups. The mean values for severe vs. non-severe cases were: neutrophils (4.85 vs. 2.69 ×10⁹/L), lymphocytes (0.695 vs. 1.65 ×10⁹/L), CRP (645.7 vs. 130), D-dimer (90 vs. 2.6), and ferritin (0.828 vs. 0.431), respectively. In conclusion, demographic characteristics and key laboratory biomarkers were significantly associated with COVID-19 severity in Al-Anbar Governorate. These findings support the clinical utility of hematological and biochemical indicators for early risk stratification and timely management of COVID-19 patients.