37-LQP-IJCMR 20251230000000 Lumina Quest Publishing m.arslansohail@gmail.com Lumina Quest Publishing International Journal of Clinical and Medical Research Int. J. Clin. Med. Res. 3134-8831 10.66590/ijcmr https://lquestpub.com/archives.php?journal=international-journal-of-clinical-and-medical-research 12 30 2025 12 30 2025 2 2 10.66590/ijcmr20250202 https://lquestpub.com/articles-list.php?journal=international-journal-of-clinical-and-medical-research&volume=2&issue=2 Spontaneous Pneumothorax in Severe COVID-19: A Case Report with Literature Review Fahmida Khatoon Omnia Abdalla Mahmoud Higazy Abdulilah A. Albedair Background: Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), first identified in late 2019 in Wuhan, China, rapidly evolved into a global health crisis. Pneumothorax is an uncommon complication of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), reported in approximately 1–2% of cases, while pneumomediastinum is even less frequent. Case Presentation and Discussion: Pneumothorax associated with COVID-19 is most often observed in patients with severe disease, particularly those requiring mechanical ventilation. Elevated positive end-expiratory pressures and reduced lung compliance, often related to fibrotic changes, may predispose these patients to alveolar rupture. However, cases have also been documented in patients receiving non-invasive support or even without oxygen therapy, suggesting that SARS-CoV-2 infection itself may independently increase the risk of pneumothorax. Clinicians should therefore consider this complication in any patient presenting with sudden respiratory deterioration. Management generally follows standard pneumothorax treatment protocols. However, procedures such as chest tube insertion may pose an increased risk of aerosol generation and viral transmission, necessitating strict infection control precautions. Conclusion: This report describes a case of pneumothorax in a non-smoking patient admitted to intensive care for severe COVID-19. The case underscores the importance of early recognition of this rare but potentially serious complication and highlights considerations for safe clinical management. 12 30 2025 12 30 2025 35 36 10.66590/ijcmr2025020205 https://lquestpub.com/article/10.66590/ijcmr2025020205